![]() However, a consensus paper produced by the Consortium for Health and Military Performance (CHAMP) and ACSM associated a potential emergence of a high injury risk with programs such as CrossFit. ![]() Notably, CrossFit was indicated as the primary reason HIIT workouts were ranked so high. Consequently, HIIT has become one of the top 3 worldwide fitness trends since 2013 according to the American College Sports Medicine (ACSM) annual survey. ĬrossFit is also considered an option for high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Furthermore, Glassman described that “meaningful statements about safety, efficacy, and efficiency, the three most important and interdependent facets of any fitness program, can be supported only by measurable, observable, repeatable facts, i.e., data”. According to Glassman, who is the founder of CrossFit, the methodology that drives CrossFit training is entirely empirical. With the focus on constantly varying functional movements, CrossFit training uses the main elements of gymnastics (e.g., handstand and ring exercises), weightlifting exercises (e.g., barbell squats and presses), and cardiovascular activities (e.g., running or rowing) as exercise tasks. In these training sessions, high-intensity exercises are executed quickly, repetitively, and with little or no recovery time between sets. CrossFit training is usually performed with high-intensity, functional movements called “workout of the day” (WOD). This strength and conditioning program is used to optimize physical competence in ten fitness domains: (1) cardiovascular/respiratory endurance, (2) stamina, (3) strength, (4) flexibility, (5) power, (6) speed, (7) coordination, (8) agility, (9) balance, and (10) accuracy. ), CrossFit boxes are located in 142 countries across seven continents with more than 10,000 affiliates. According to the official CrossFit website (map. However, preliminary data has suggested that CrossFit practice is associated with higher levels of sense of community, satisfaction, and motivation.ĬrossFit is recognized as one of the fastest growing modes of high-intensity functional training. ![]() The current scientific literature related to CrossFit has few studies with high level of evidence at low risk of bias. In the meta-analysis, significant results were not found for any variables. Scientific literature related to CrossFit has reported on body composition, psycho-physiological parameters, musculoskeletal injury risk, life and health aspects, and psycho-social behavior. However, only two studies had a high level of evidence at low risk of bias. Thirty-one articles were included in the systematic review and four were included in the meta-analysis. For the meta-analysis, effect sizes (ESs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and heterogeneity was assessed using a random-effects model. The Oxford Levels of Evidence was used for all included articles, and only studies that investigated the effects of CrossFit as a training program were included in the meta-analysis. The systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Systematic searches of the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Bireme/MedLine, and SciELO online databases were conducted for articles reporting the effects of CrossFit training. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the findings of scientific literature related to CrossFit via systematic review and meta-analysis. However, scientific data regarding the practice of CrossFit is sparse. CrossFit is recognized as one of the fastest growing high-intensity functional training modes in the world.
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